Bipolar Disorder Risk Factors || Psychopathology || Mood Disorders

In this article, you will be able to learn that

What is Bipolar Disorder? and what are the risk

 factors of  Bipolar Mood Disorders?

What is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar confusion causes a scope of manifestations that

can be upsetting and troublesome to your life. Some

time ago known as hyper burdensome sickness, bipolar

confusion is a constant condition that influences the

mind. 

This condition causes highs and lows in: 

• temperament 

• energy 

• action 

    The hyper highs and burdensome lows give the

condition its name. There's presently no known fix. 

Individuals with the issue can flourish with appropriate

drugs and treatment. There is additionally no single 

known reason for bipolar confusion, however, there 

are sure danger factors. 

The normal time of beginning for bipolar turmoil is 25, 

as per the National Institute of Mental HealthTrusted. 

People appear to be impacted similarly Trusted. 

Manifestations typically happen in more established 

teens or youthful grown-ups. It's workable for the 

condition to create a more established age.

Risk Factors of Bipolar and related disorders:

    Risk factors are those conditions or characteristics which will increase the probability of the development of a disorder, in an individual (Werner and Smith, 1992). Bipolar and related disorders have some genetic, environmental, and physiological risk factors. Knowledge of potential risk factors helps clinicians to identify individuals who are more likely to develop bipolar disorders and treat them through earlier interventions. Following are the risk factors of Bipolar and related disorders.

Genetic and Physiological Risk Factors:

·      The contribution of genetic factors to bipolar-1 has long been identified, risk in first-degree relatives is 5–10%, around seven times higher than the general population risk (Jones, 1999).  The degree of risk increases with the degree of kinship. There is also evidence of shared genetic risk between bipolar, schizophrenia, and autism (Sullivan, 2012).

·      The risk of Bipolar-2 disorder tends to be highest among relatives of people with bipolar-2 disorder, as opposed to individuals with the bipolar-1 disorder.

·      Cyclothymia could also be more common in the first-degree biological relatives of individuals with bipolar-1 disorder than in the general population.

Environmental Risk Factors:

Bipolar disorder occurs more in high-income than in low-income countries. Individuals who are separated, divorced, or widowed have higher rates of bipolar-1 disorder than those who are married or haven’t been married. Other environmental risk factors are given below:

·      Childhood Maltreatment: 

Childhood maltreatment may be a well-studied environmental risk factor with high-quality evidence that it presents a risk for later development of bipolar (Kohler, 2017). When investigating specific subtypes of abuse, several studies have identified a link between emotional abuse or emotional neglect and the later development of bipolar (Watson and Doughall, 2014), while emotional abuse appears to be the most frequent subtype of abuse experienced in bipolar patients (Ramirez, 2005).

·      Psychological Stressors: 

Recent stressful life events are known to affect the course of bipolar, although their relationship with the onset of the disorder has been less extensively investigated compared with unipolar depression (Byrne, 2003). A systematic review by Tsuchiya and colleagues identified four studies investigating stressful life events before the onset of bipolar, the three largest of which found an increased risk of onset within 6 months of such events (Tsuchiya, 2003). A meta-analysis found that patients experience more life events prior to relapses into either manic or depressive episodes (Meyer, 2017).

·      Substance misuse: 

Bipolar is frequently occurs with misuse of substances, including cannabis, opioids, alcohol, or drug abuse (Gilman, 2012). There is evidence that cannabis use become a risk factor for the development of bipolar as well as psychotic disorders. A recent systematic review by Gibbs and colleagues (2015) identified several studies supporting a link between cannabis use and subsequent relapse of manic symptoms. Other substances of abuse are also important in the risk of bipolar. Some studies also explained that opioid use to an increased risk of developing bipolar, which is greater than other mood disorders (Schepis and Hakes, 2013). A further study found that alcohol and drug abuse or dependence before the age of 25 increased the risk of developing subsequent bipolar (Kenneson, 2013).